Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a global health challenge, necessitating innovative solutions beyond conventional antibiotics. This study introduces biomimetic nanocarriers - hybrids of bacteriomimetic liposomes and biocompatible Myxobacteria outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) - as tunable platforms for targeted antibiotic delivery. Comparative analyses of their physicochemical properties and interactions with immune cells, intestinal epithelium, and biofilm-forming pathogens reveal distinct advantages. Hybrids excel at delivering antibiotics to intracellular targets, while Myxobacteria OMVs, particularly those of strain SBSr 073, evade immune clearance and prolong extracellular drug exposure. To support clinical translation, this study optimizes antibiotic encapsulation methods for SBSr 073 OMVs and evaluates the short- and long-term impact of Cystobacter ferrugineus 23 strain OMVs on the gut microbiome in mice. Summing up, this study highlights the promise of Myxobacteria OMVs and their biomimetic hybrids as versatile tools for treating Gram-negative biofilm-forming pathogens. These findings underscore the potential of bioengineered and biomimetic drug carriers for combating antimicrobial resistance and pave the way for their translation toward difficult-to-treat infections.
Electrostatic All-Passive Force Clamping of Charged Nanoparticles
Yazgan Tuna,
Amer Al-Hiyasat,
Anna D. Kashkanova,
Andreas Dechant,
Eric Lutz,
Vahid Sandoghdar
In the past decades, many techniques have been explored for trapping microscopic and nanoscopic objects, but the investigation of nano-objects under arbitrary forces and conditions remains nontrivial. One fundamental case concerns the motion of a particle under a constant force, known as force clamping. Here, we employ metallic nanoribbons embedded in a glass substrate in a capacitor configuration to generate a constant electric field on a charged nanoparticle in a water-filled glass nanochannel. We estimate the force fields from Brownian trajectories over several micrometers and confirm the constant behavior of the forces both numerically and experimentally. Furthermore, we manipulate the diffusion and relaxation times of the nanoparticles by tuning the charge density on the electrode. Our highly compact and controllable setting allows for the trapping and force-clamping of charged nanoparticles in a solution, providing a platform for investigating nanoscopic diffusion phenomena.
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