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  4. Philip Russell

Professor Philip St.J. Russell, FRS

Director of the Russell Division – Photonic Crystal Fibres

Professor Philip Russell is a founding Director of the Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), which began operations in January 2009. Since 2005 he has also held the Krupp Chair in Experimental Physics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. He obtained his D.Phil. degree in 1979 at the University of Oxford, spending three years as a Research Fellow at Oriel College, Oxford. In 1982 and 1983 he was a Humboldt Fellow at the Technical University Hamburg-Harburg (Germany), and from 1984 to 1986 he worked at the University of Nice (France) and the IBM TJ Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. From 1986 to 1996 he was based mainly at the University of Southampton, first of all in the Optical Fibre Group and then in the Optoelectronics Research Centre. From 1996 to 2005 he was professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Bath, where he established the Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials. His research interests currently focus on scientific applications of photonic crystal fibres and related structures. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society and The Optical Society (OSA) and has won several international awards for his research including the 2000 OSA Joseph Fraunhofer Award/Robert M. Burley Prize, the 2005 Thomas Young Prize of the Institute for Physics (UK), the 2005 Körber Prize for European Science, the 2013 EPS Prize for Research into the Science of Light, the 2014 Berthold Leibinger Zukunftspreis and the 2015 IEEE Photonics Award. He was OSA's President in 2015, the International Year of Light.

 

2016

Single-shot reconstruction of spectral amplitude and phase in a fiber ring cavity at a 80 MHz repetition rate

Jonas Hammer, Pooria Hosseini, Curtis R. Menyuk, Philip St. J. Russell, Nicolas Y. Joly

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (20) 4641-4644 (2016) | Journal

Femtosecond pulses circulating in a synchronously driven fiber ring cavity have complex amplitude and phase profiles that can change completely from one round-trip to the next. We use a recently developed technique, combining dispersive Fourier transformation) with spectral interferometry, to reconstruct the spectral amplitude and phase at each round-trip and, thereby, follow in detail the pulse reorganization that occurs. We focus on two different regimes: a period-two regime in which the pulse alternates between two distinct states and a highly complex regime. We characterize the spectral amplitude and phase of the pulses in both regimes at a repetition rate of 75.6 MHz and find good agreement with modeling of the system based on numerical solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with feedback. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Hybrid photonic-crystal fiber for single-mode phase matched generation of third harmonic and photon triplets

Andrea Cavanna, Felix Just, Xin Jiang, Gerd Leuchs, Maria V. Chekhova, Philip St. J. Russell, Nicolas Y. Joly

Optica 3 952-955 (2016) | Journal | PDF

All-fiber systems for third harmonic generation are of great interest because they can be used for the inverse process, namely, the generation of entangled photon triplets. Usually, chromatic dispersion prevents phase matching between the incident and generated radiation when they are both guided in an LP01-like mode. Here, we present a hybrid photonic crystal fiber that has been designed for phase matched third harmonic generation from 1596 to 532 nm in single-lobed modes. The third harmonic radiation is guided by an all-solid bandgap microstructure, while the pump frequency is confined by conventional total internal reflection. The fiber is also suitable for the generation of photon triplet states.

Solid-core and hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for generation of bright ultraviolet light (Conference Presentation)

Nicolas Y. Joly, Xin Jiang, John C. Travers, Alexey Ermolov, Philip St. J. Russell

UV and Higher Energy Photonics: From Materials to Applications UNSP 992608 (2016) | Journal

Broadband electric-field-induced LP01 and LP02 second harmonic generation in Xe-filled hollow-core PCF

Jean-Michel Menard, Felix Köttig, Philip St. J. Russell

Optics Letters 41 (16) 3795-3798 (2016) | Journal

Second harmonic (SH) generation with 300 fs pump pulses is reported in a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) across which an external bias voltage is applied. Phase-matched intermodal conversion from a pump light in the LP01 mode to SH light in the LP02 mode is achieved at a particular gas pressure. Using periodic electrodes, quasi-phase-matched SH generation into the low-loss LP01 mode is achieved at a different pressure. The low linear dispersion of the gas enables phase-matching over a broad spectral window, resulting in a measured bandwidth of similar to 10 nm at high pump energies. A conversion efficiency of similar to 18%/ mJ is obtained. Gas-filled anti-resonant-reflecting hollow-core PCF uniquely offers pressure-tunable phase-matching, ultra-broadband guidance, and a very high optical damage threshold, which hold great promise for efficient three-wave mixing, especially in difficult-to-access regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Twist-induced guidance in coreless photonic crystal fiber: A helical channel for light

Ramin Beravat, Gordon K. L. Wong, Michael H. Frosz, Xiao Ming Xi, Philip St. J. Russell

SCIENCE ADVANCES 2 (11) e1601421 (2016) | Journal

Near-ionization-threshold emission in atomic gases driven by intense sub-cycle pulses

Wei-Chun Chu, John C. Travers, Philip St J. Russell

NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 18 023018 (2016) | Journal

We study theoretically the dipole radiation of a hydrogen atom driven by an intense sub-cycle pulse. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the system is solved by ab initio calculation to obtain the dipole response. Remarkably, a narrowband emission lasting longer than the driving pulse appears at a frequency just above the ionization threshold. An additional calculation using the strong field approximation also recovers this emission, which suggests that it corresponds to the oscillation of nearly bound electrons that behave similarly to Rydberg electrons. The predicted phenomenon is unique to ultrashort driving pulses but not specific to any particular atomic structure.

Generation of spectral clusters in a mixture of noble and Raman-active gases

Pooria Hosseini, Amir Abdolvand, Philip St J. Russell

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (23) 5543-5546 (2016) | Journal

High-resolution wavefront shaping with a photonic crystal fiber for multimode fiber imaging

Lyubov V. Amitonova, Adrien Descloux, Joerg Petschulat, Michael H. Frosz, Goran Ahmed, Fehim Babic, Xin Jiang, Allard P. Mosk, Philip St. J. Russell, et al.

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (3) 497-500 (2016) | Journal

We demonstrate that a high-numerical-aperture photonic crystal fiber allows lensless focusing at an unparalleled resolution by complex wavefront shaping. This paves the way toward high-resolution imaging exceeding the capabilities of imaging with multi-core single-mode optical fibers. We analyze the beam waist and power in the focal spot on the fiber output using different types of fibers and different wavefront shaping approaches. We show that the complex wavefront shaping technique, together with a properly designed multimode photonic crystal fiber, enables us to create a tightly focused spot on the desired position on the fiber output facet with a subwavelength beam waist. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

RF-dressed Rydberg atoms in hollow-core fibres

C. Veit, G. Epple, H. Kuebler, T. G. Euser, P. St J. Russell, R. Loew

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 49 (13) 134005 (2016) | Journal

The giant electro-optical response of Rydberg atoms manifests itself in the emergence of sidebands in the Rydberg excitation spectrum if the atom is exposed to a radio-frequency (RF) electric field. Here we report on the study of RF-dressed Rydberg atoms inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibres, a system that enables the use of low modulation voltages and offers the prospect of miniaturised vapour-based electro-optical devices. Narrow spectroscopic features caused by the RF field are observed for modulation frequencies up to 500 MHz.

Resolving the mystery of milliwatt-threshold opto-mechanical self-oscillation in dual-nanoweb fiber

J. R. Koehler, R. E. Noskov, A. A. Sukhorukov, A. Butsch, D. Novoa, P. St. J. Russell

APL PHOTONICS 1 (5) 056101 (2016) | Journal

Reducing losses in solid-core photonic crystal fibers using chlorine dehydration

Michael H. Frosz, Goran Ahmed, Nadezda Lapshina, Ralf Keding, Fehim Babic, Nicolas Y. Joly, Philip St. J. Russell

OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS 6 (9) UNSP 268413 (2016) | Journal

Tapered Glass-Fiber Microspike: High-Q Flexural Wave Resonator and Optically Driven Knudsen Pump

Riccardo Pennetta, Shangran Xie, Philip St. J. Russell

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 117 (27) 273901 (2016) | Journal

Generation of a vacuum ultraviolet to visible Raman frequency comb in H-2-filled kagome photonic crystal fiber

M. K. Mridha, D. Novoa, S. T. Bauerschmidt, A. Abdolvand, P. St J. Russell

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (12) 2811-2814 (2016) | Journal

We report on the generation of a purely vibrational Raman comb, extending from the vacuum ultraviolet (184 nm) to the visible (478 nm), in hydrogen-filled kagome-style photonic crystal fiber pumped at 266 nm. Stimulated Raman scattering and molecular modulation processes are enhanced by higher Raman gain in the ultraviolet. Owing to the pressure-tunable normal dispersion landscape of the "fiber + gas" system in the ultraviolet, higher-order anti-Stokes bands are generated preferentially in higher-order fiber modes. The results pave the way toward tunable fiber-based sources of deep and vacuum ultraviolet light for applications in, e.g., spectroscopy and biomedicine. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Characterization of few-fs deep-UV dispersive waves by ultra-broadband transient-grating XFROG

Alexey Ermolov, Heli Valtna-Lukner, John Travers, Philip St J. Russell

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (23) 5535-5538 (2016) | Journal

Long-range optical binding in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber using higher order modes

Dmitry S. Bykov, Richard Zeltner, Tijmen G. Euser, Shangran Xie, Philip St. J. Russell

OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XIII UNSP 99221X (2016) | Journal

Self-alignment of glass fiber nanospike by optomechanical back-action in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

S. Xie, Riccardo Pennetta, P. St J. Russell

OPTICA 3 (3) 277-282 (2016) | Journal

A topic of great current interest is the harnessing and enhancement of optical tweezer forces for trapping small objects of different sizes and shapes at relatively small powers. Here we demonstrate the stable trapping, inside the core of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF), of a mechanically compliant fused silica nanospike, formed by tapering a single-mode fiber (SMF). The nanospike is subwavelength in diameter over its similar to W50 mu m insertion length in the HC-PCF. Laser light, launched into the SMF core, adiabatically evolves into a mode that extends strongly into the space surrounding the nanospike. It then senses the presence of the hollow core, and the resulting optomechanical action and back-action results in a strong trapping force at the core center. The system permits lens-less, reflection-free, self-stabilized, and self-aligned coupling from SMF to HC-PCF with a demonstrated efficiency of 87.8%. The unique configuration also provides an elegant means of investigating optomechanical effects in optical tweezers, especially at very low pressures. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN glass photonic crystal fiber with six nanobore cores

Xin Jiang, Nicolas Y. Joly, Martin A. Finger, Fehim Babic, Meng Pang, Rafal Sopalla, Michael H. Frosz, Samuel Poulain, Marcel Poulain, et al.

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (18) 4245-4248 (2016) | Journal

Gigahertz-repetition-rate Tm-doped fiber laser passively mode-locked by optoacoustic effects in nanobore photonic crystal fiber

M. Pang, W. He, P. St. J. Russell

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (19) 4601-4604 (2016) | Journal

Optically Driven Self-Oscillations of a Silica Nanospike at Low Gas Pressures

Shangran Xie, Riccardo Pennetta, Roman E. Noskov, Philip St. J. Russell

OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XIII UNSP 99220A (2016) | Journal

Sub-100-fs 1.87 GHz mode-locked fiber laser using stretched-soliton effects

W. He, M. Pang, C. R. Menyuk, P. St J. Russell

OPTICA 3 (12) 1366-1372 (2016) | Journal

Broadband robustly single-mode hollow-core PCF by resonant filtering of higher-order modes

Patrick Uebel, Mehmet C. Guenendi, Michael H. Frosz, Goran Ahmed, Nitin N. Edavalath, Jean-Michel Menard, Philip St. J. Russell

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (9) 1961-1964 (2016) | Journal

We report a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber that is engineered so as to strongly suppress higher-order modes, i.e., to provide robust LP01 single-mode guidance in all the wavelength ranges where the fiber guides with low loss. Encircling the core is a single ring of nontouching glass elements whose modes are tailored to ensure resonant phase-matched coupling to higher-order core modes. We show that the resulting modal filtering effect depends on only one dimensionless shape parameter, akin to the well-known d/Lambda parameter for endlessly single-mode solid-core PCF. Fabricated fibers show higher-order mode losses some similar to 100 higher than for the LP01 mode, with LP01 losses <0.2 dB/m in the near-infrared and a spectral flatness similar to 1 dB over a >110 THz bandwidth. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Fluorescence-based remote irradiation sensor in liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

R. Zeltner, D. S. Bykov, S. Xie, T. G. Euser, P. St. J. Russell

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 108 (23) 231107 (2016) | Journal

We report an irradiation sensor based on a fluorescent "flying particle" that is optically trapped and propelled inside the core of a water-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. When the moving particle passes through an irradiated region, its emitted fluorescence is captured by guided modes of the fiber core and so can be monitored using a filtered photodiode placed at the fiber end. The particle speed and position can be precisely monitored using in-fiber Doppler velocimetry, allowing the irradiation profile to be measured to a spatial resolution of similar to 10 mu m. The spectral response can be readily adjusted by appropriate choice of particle material. Using dye-doped polystyrene particles, we demonstrate detection of green (532 nm) and ultraviolet (340 nm) light. Published by AIP Publishing.

All-optical bit storage in a fibre laser by optomechanically bound states of solitons

M. Pang, W. He, X. Jiang, P. St. J. Russell

NATURE PHOTONICS 10 (7) 454-+ (2016) | Journal

Soliton fibre lasers mode-locked at a high harmonic of their round-trip frequency have many potential applications, from telecommunications to data storage(1). Control of multiple pulses in passively mode-locked fibre lasers has, however, proved very difficult to achieve. This has recently changed with the advent of fibre lasers mode-locked by intense optomechanical interactions in a short length of photonic crystal fibre(2,3). Optomechanical coupling between cavity modes gives rise to highly stable, optomechanically bound, laser soliton states. The repetition rate of these states corresponds to the mechanical resonant frequency in the photonic crystal fibre core(4), which can be a few gigahertz. Here we show that this system can be successfully used for programmable generation and storage of gigahertz-rate soliton sequences over many hours.

Coherent octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generated in As2S3-silica double-nanospike waveguide pumped by femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser

Shangran Xie, Nikolai Tolstik, John C. Travers, Evgeni Sorokin, Celine Caillaud, Johann Troles, Philip St J. Russell, Irina T. Sorokina

OPTICS EXPRESS 24 (11) 2406-2413 (2016) | Journal

A more than 1.5 octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum (1.2 to 3.6 mu m) is generated by pumping a As2S3-silica "double-nanospike" waveguide via a femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser at 2.35 mu m. The combination of the optimized group velocity dispersion and extremely high nonlinearity provided by the As2S3-silica hybrid waveguide enables a similar to 100 pJ level pump pulse energy threshold for octave-spanning spectral broadening at a repetition rate of 90 MHz. Numerical simulations show that the generated supercontinuum is highly coherent over the entire spanning wavelength range. The results are important for realization of a high repetition rate octave-spanning frequency comb in the mid-infrared spectral region. (C)2016 Optical Society of America

Current sensing using circularly birefringent twisted solid-core photonic crystal fiber

R. Beravat, G. K. L. Wong, X. M. Xi, M. H. Frosz, P. St. J. Russell

OPTICS LETTERS 41 (7) 1672-1675 (2016) | Journal

Continuously twisted solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) exhibits pure circular birefringence (optical activity), making it ideal for current sensors based on the Faraday effect. By numerical analysis, we identify the PCF geometry for which the circular birefringence (which scales linearly with twist rate) is a maximum. For silica-air PCF, this occurs at a shape parameter (diameter-to-spacing ratio of the hollow channels) of 0.37 and a scale parameter (spacing-to-wavelength) of 1.51. This result is confirmed experimentally by testing a range of different structures. To demonstrate the effectiveness of twisted PCF as a current sensor, a length of fiber is placed on the axis of a 7.6 cm long solenoid, and the Faraday rotation is measured at different values of dc current. The system is then used to chart the wavelength dependence of the Verdet constant. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

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